2.2 Covalent Model

1. Covalent network structures ( giant covalent structures )2. Molecular Covalent Structures

1. Poor electrical conductors

2. High melting and boiling points

3. Low volatility

4. Low solubility

Polar solvents have large dipole moments (aka “partial charges”); they contain bonds between atoms with very different electronegativities, such as oxygen and hydrogen. Non polar solvents contain bonds between atoms with similar electronegativities, such as carbon and hydrogen (think hydrocarbons, such as gasoline).