> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://knowmayus.gitbook.io/chemistry/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://knowmayus.gitbook.io/chemistry/structure/s2.1.2-2.2.1-2.3.1-predicting-bond-type.md).

# S2.1.2/2.2.1/2.3.1 - Predicting Bond Type

**Remember:**

M + NM = ionic

NM + NM = Covalent

Metals-only = Metallic

**Electronegativity Difference**

* US Chemist Linus Pauling ( 1901 - 1994 ) 
  * Introduced idea of Electronegativity ($$χ\_p$$) --> relative attraction that atom of an element has for shared pair of electrons in a **Covalent** bond.
  * Pauling Electronegativity Scale ( sec. 9 of booklet ) 
    * Shows Fluorine as most EN element w/ value of $$χ\_p=4.0.$$ ( why ? )
* Main use: Estimating based on $$\Deltaχ\_p$$, whether a bond is **Ionic, Pure-covalent ( non-polar ) or polar covalent.**  This estimation is based on continuums and rules.

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